Order picking refers to the procedure by which items are retrieved from a storage facility or warehouse to satisfy consumer orders. It consists of locating the products that have been requested, preparing them for shipment or delivery, and assembling them in the appropriate quantities. For an e-commerce fulfillment operation to operate without interruption, orders must be picked rapidly and accurately. Although it may appear simple at first glance, this undertaking involves a multitude of complexities. Among the most important factors to consider are the identification of the optimal picking system for your organization and the development of methods for evaluating picking efficiency.
1. Single Order Picking
Single-order picking is one of the simplest methods for selecting orders in a warehouse. Even though it requires time, its benefits continue to be appreciated. A laborer focuses on a single order at a time using this method. They go through the warehouse to find each item needed for that order, usually following the same path repeatedly. Single-order picking works well for smaller warehouses with fewer orders and less stuff to deliver. It aids in error prevention, according to experts, because employees are limited to focusing on a single order at a time.
2. Batch Order Picking
Batch order picking, also known as multi-order picking, is a method where employees retrieve items for multiple orders simultaneously in one trip. It works best for companies that have lots of orders with the same items or just a few items per order. This method saves time because the worker only needs to go to each item’s spot once. For companies that get a ton of orders or have orders that come in regularly, batch picking is a fast way to get those orders done. It helps manage several orders together, saving time and money for the business.
3. Cluster Picking
The cluster picking method revolutionizes order handling by enabling workers to manage multiple orders concurrently. Rather than concentrating solely on similar SKUs (items) across several orders, pickers gather a diverse range of items for various orders. This can be achieved through several means, such as vertical lift modules or carousels, but the most prevalent approach involves using a cart equipped with multiple containers. By utilizing a picking cart or autonomous mobile robot, pickers can seamlessly organize orders, significantly reducing errors in the process.
4. Zone Picking
The zone order picking method simplifies the order fulfillment process by breaking down the fulfillment center into different zones. Each zone is handled by a dedicated picker who works exclusively within that area. When an order involves items from multiple zones, it’s passed between pickers in those zones until all items are gathered. Alternatively, orders can be consolidated at a specific spot after order picking, streamlining the process before they are sent off to shipping.
5. Wave Picking
Orders that share characteristics such as customer location, order date, and delivery deadlines are grouped into designated time intervals called ‘waves’ to expedite the fulfillment process. By arranging picking duties according to factors that provide the greatest advantage to the organization, this approach optimizes productivity and provides the adaptability to be integrated with other picking methodologies. Furthermore, it facilitates the coordination of order pickup periods with those of the carriers, thereby optimizing the daily shipment volume.
6. Pick And Pass
A pick-and-pass system involves a picker staying within a confined area while orders move through various zones, with additional items being picked and added along the way. This method is most effective for handling a limited range of items and orders with only a few items each. However, a challenge arises in maintaining a balance between picking requirements and productivity across different zones. Typically, a conveyor system is utilized to transfer containers between zones, while another conveyor transports completed orders to the packing area.
7. Pick-To-Light
Pick-to-light systems streamline warehouse picking by utilizing LED lights to direct pickers to the precise items and quantities required for each order. When an order is initiated, lights illuminate on storage shelves, signaling the picker where to retrieve items from. This visual guidance not only accelerates the picking process but also minimizes errors, enhancing overall efficiency in e-commerce fulfillment operations.
8. Voice Picking
Voice picking revolutionizes the e-commerce fulfillment process by providing pickers with real-time instructions through hands-free devices. With simple voice commands guiding their every move, workers can efficiently pick items. Additionally, some systems allow for feedback, ensuring accuracy in item selection and quantity.
9. Mobile-Scanner Assisted Picking
The Mobile Scanner-Based Picking approach is tailored to eliminate manual errors in the order-picking procedure. To implement this method, each warehouse item must possess a unique barcode. Utilizing mobile scanners, pickers access the pickup list along with the SKU locations, scanning item barcodes upon retrieval to ensure list compliance. The system’s error-detection functionality bolsters order accuracy, while integration with a Warehouse Management System offers further optimization by strategizing pick-up routes to reduce travel time.
Which Picking Method Is Most Suitable?
Selecting the optimal order-picking process is vital for meeting operational demands, particularly in e-commerce where order management and fulfillment are paramount. By incorporating advanced technologies, businesses can streamline their supply chain, enhancing the overall customer experience. Adopting suitable order-picking methods enables faster deliveries and reduces order errors. It’s essential to choose methods that align with future company goals and integrate smoothly with automation technologies, which not only reduce manual labor costs but also enhance warehouse accuracy. Automation facilitates rapid scaling of operations without burdening the supply chain.
